ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Restricted ankle dorsiflexion is common after lower limb injury. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the effect of passive ankle joint mobilization and calf muscle massage on ankle dorsiflexion range of motion in adults with residual restricted dorsiflexion. The secondary aim was to assess the methodology of the pilot study to inform a larger clinical trial. METHOD: The study design was a randomized crossover trial with assessor blinding. Twenty-five healthy participants with a history of lower limb injury were included in the study. Ankle joint mobilization and calf muscle massage were applied for 5 min in a random order, one to two weeks apart. Ankle dorsiflexion was measured by using the weight-bearing lunge pre- and post-intervention (cm). Paired t-tests were used to analyze the effect of the manual therapy interventions on restricted ankles. A minimal detectable difference 95% (MMD95) was calculated. The pilot study was analyzed for suitability of inclusion criteria, blinding of assessors and the manual therapist, and the washout period. RESULTS: A significant increase in dorsiflexion was demonstrated for ankle joint mobilization (change score = 0.51 ± 0.76, p = 0.003) and calf muscle soft tissue massage (change score = 0.91 ± 1.07, p < 0.001). There was no difference in change scores between manual therapy techniques (mobilization 0.51 ± 0.76, massage 0.91 ± 1.07, p = 0.12). Evaluation of the pilot study revealed limitations to be modified in future studies. CONCLUSION: These preliminary data indicate ankle joint mobilization and calf muscle soft tissue massage had similar effects on increasing ankle dorsiflexion range of motion in ankles with residual dorsiflexion restriction.
Subject(s)
Ankle , Musculoskeletal Manipulations , Adult , Humans , Cross-Over Studies , Pilot Projects , Range of Motion, ArticularABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation programmes (ExCRP) promote recovery and secondary prevention for individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Despite this, enrolment and adherence to ExCRP in rural locations is low. Telehealth programmes provide a convenient, home-based intervention, but concerns remain about compliance to exercise prescription. This paper presents the rationale and protocol design to determine if telehealth delivered ExCRP is not inferior to supervised ExCRP for improving cardiovascular function and exercise fidelity. METHOD AND ANALYSIS: A non-inferiority, parallel (1:1), single-blinded randomised clinical trial will be conducted. Fifty patients with CVD will be recruited from a rural phase II ExCRP. Participants will be randomly assigned to telehealth or supervised ExCRP and prescribed three weekly exercise sessions for 6 weeks. Exercise sessions will include a 10 min warm up, up to 30 min of continuous aerobic exercise at a workload equivalent to the ventilatory anaerobic threshold and a 10 min cool down. The primary outcome will be change in cardiorespiratory fitness as measured by cardiopulmonary exercise test. Secondary outcome measures will include change in blood lipid profile, heart rate variability, pulse wave velocity, actigraphy measured sleep quality and training fidelity. Non-inferiority will be confirmed if intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses conclude the same outcome following independent samples t-test with p<0.025. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Research ethics committees at La Trobe University, St John of God Health Care and Bendigo Health approved the study protocol and informed consent. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated among stakeholders. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ACTRN12622000872730p; pre-results.
